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Transverse Myelitis is a rare neurological condition. It is caused by inflammation (swelling) of the spinal cord. This swelling damages the nerves and can leave permanent scars or lesions on the spinal cord which can interrupt the communication between the nerves in the spinal cord and the rest of the body. This can result in a loss of function.
‘Transverse’ refers to the swelling being across the width of the spinal cord. It’s also sometimes used to describe swelling that only affects part of the width of the spinal cord.
The symptoms of transverse myelitis can include:
Transverse myelitis can happen to anyone at any time in their life. In most cases there might only be one episode of symptoms, but sometimes it can happen repeatedly. Transverse myelitis can be the first sign of MS or another condition.
There are several different causes of transverse myelitis. Sometimes a cause isn’t found, and this is called idiopathic transverse myelitis.
Sometimes transverse myelitis is caused by an autoimmune reaction. In autoimmune diseases, the immune system mistakes the body’s own tissue as dangerous and attacks it. This causes swelling that results in damage to the myelin sheath.
Sometimes transverse myelitis is caused by a bacterial infection or indirectly by a viral infection, although often the virus responsible isn’t identified.
Sometimes transverse myelitis requires no treatment as it will improve on its own. Sometimes patients may require treatment for their symptoms.
We have lots of experience in treating the symptoms of Transverse Myelitis and use a combination of traditional physiotherapy approaches such as stretches and strengthening exercise combined with the use of the latest rehabilitation technology. This allows patients to function at a much higher level that they would normally be able to tolerate, leading to faster recovery and better outcomes for the patient.
Some common therapy approaches and Equipment that we use during a treatment session may include:
· Tyrostation– TYMO balance training software to help train static and dynamic balance on both flat and more challenging uneven surfaces in both sitting and standing.
· Electrical stimulation and FES – this allows us to directly stimulate the muscles that have reduced function to maintain or rebuild strength and function.
· Stretching and strengthening to muscles groups and body area’s that have become tight and weak.
· Robotic therapy using the OMEGO gait trainer to retrain the walking pattern or the use of the state of the art Luna robotic EMG device to assist with building muscle function and control at the joints.
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Specialised rehabilitation therapy plays a critical role in transverse myelitis recovery by addressing mobility, strength, balance, and daily living skills. Physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and neuro-rehabilitation interventions can help retrain the nervous system, improve independence, and prevent secondary complications. Working with an experienced multidisciplinary team ensures that therapy is tailored to each individual's needs and goals.
The recovery from transverse myelitis varies significantly from person to person. While some individuals experience a full recovery within months, others may live with lasting neurological symptoms. Early intervention, rehabilitation therapies, and a personalised care plan can greatly enhance functional recovery and quality of life. Ongoing support from a specialist neuro-rehabilitation team is essential in managing long-term effects.
Early symptoms of transverse myelitis often develop rapidly and can include numbness, tingling, weakness in the legs or arms, and changes in bladder or bowel function. Some individuals experience back pain that progresses to sensory disturbances or paralysis. Recognising these early signs and seeking urgent medical evaluation is crucial for effective treatment and improved recovery outcomes.